DEMOS (Dialogovaya Edinaya Mobilnaya Operatsionnaya Sistema: Russian: Диалоговая Единая Мобильная Операционная Система, ДЕМОС, lit. ‘Interactive Unified Portable Operating System’) is a Unix-like operating system developed in the Soviet Union. It is derived from Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) Unix.

It’s development was initiated in the Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy in Moscow in 1982, and development continued in cooperation from other institutes, and commercialized by DEMOS Co-operative which employed most key contributors to DEMOS and to its earlier alternative, MNOS (a clone of Version 6 Unix). MNOS and DEMOS version 1.x were gradually merged from 1986 until 1990, leaving the joint OS, DEMOS version 2.x, with support for different Cyrillic script character encoding (charsets) (KOI-8 and U-code, used in DEMOS 1 and MNOS, respectively).

Initially it was developed for SM-4 (a PDP-11/40 clone) and SM-1600. Later it was ported to Elektronika-1082, BESM, ES EVM, clones of VAX-11 (SM-1700), and several other platforms, including PC/XT, Elektronika-85 (a clone of DEC Professional), and several Motorola 68020-based microcomputers.

The development of DEMOS effectively ceased in 1991, when the second project of the DEMOS team, RELCOM, took priority.

An archive of the DEMOS source code can found here: https://github.com/bpr97050/DEMOS There’s some interesting comments and mailing list archives in that repository as well. :)


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  • WalrusDragonOnABike [they/them]
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    16 days ago

    I’m a bit scared of needles (never could look while doing vaccines). Was fortunately that my brother started getting injections using an autoinjector and he was too afraid to do it himself, so I gave him his shots, which acted as decent training wheels for me to get more comfortable with the needles (even if in this case, I can’t even see the needle). Still, when I first started, I started getting more anxiety about it (like the 2nd-4th times, I just sat there trying to do it for like 10 minutes unable to get myself to do it because needle anxiety). I eventually realized I’m pretty okay with just slowly pushing it in rather than quickly stabbing it in.

    Hopefully if gel isn’t an option for you, that you find a method that works for you.