Off the top of my head:
India:
Sugar
Pepper
Basil
Mangoes
Bananas
Ginger
(Ceylon) Cinnamon
SEA:
(Cassia) Cinnamon
Mace
Nutmeg
Oranges
Lemons
Limes
Central Asia:
Apples
Carrots (Afghanistan, could be considered MENA or India but the MENA category is too OP)
East Asia:
Peaches
Soy Sauce
Ketchup
Soy sauce
Sesame oil
Africa:
Coffee
Coca-Cola
Palm oil
Americas:
Chocolate
Vanilla
Blueberries
Potatoes
Tomatoes
Corn
Pineapple
Strawberries
depends how far you want to go back. Olives have been indigenous to Europe since at least the neolithic, but before that they were indigenous to North Africa and the (green) Sahara. It was impossible for olives to grow even in Southern Europe during the ice age.
European biodiversity, if you trace it back, is almost all from Africa or Southwest/Central Asia, for the simple fact that the subcontinent was mostly ice until only 12,000 years ago. European people also derive only 20% of their genes from ice age Europeans as well.
However most of the stuff in my OP is about more recent arrivals from the last 2,000 years
sheep are from the Middle East originally, but there are naturalized post-neolithic breeds from all over the world