All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

It would not be against this text alone to create a 2-tier citizenship depending on whether you are born to US citizens. Since the US federal government is not a state, they can deprive the “not born to US citizens”-tier of their privileges, immunities etc.