Dunk tank

Origin

The African dodger, also known as Hit the Coon, was a popular American carnival game from the late 19th century up to the mid-1940s. It involved an African-American man sticking his head out through a hole in a curtain and trying to dodge balls thrown at him. Hits were rewarded with prizes. People were seriously injured or reportedly even killed after being struck. In response to attempts to ban it, a less dangerous game was invented called the African dip, in which a person was dropped into a tank of water if a target was hit by a ball. Popular Mechanics noted in 1910 that African dodger had become “too old and commonplace” and was being replaced with dunk tanks, in which an African American would fall into a tank of water when a target was hit with a ball. The illustration accompanying the article shows a game labelled “Drop the Chocolate Drop” and is captioned “Amusing to All but the Victim”.

Generally, the African Dip is recognized as overtly racist. One variant, at Chicago’s Riverview amusement park, was named “Dunk the removed” until the early 1950s when it was renamed “African Dip”. It was successfully shut down by the NAACP in the mid-1950s.